Foster Critical Thinking in the Classroom

Bring intellectual standards into daily use. Intellectual standards are essential to the assessment of thinking. Most students cannot name a single standard they use to assess thinking. It is therefore important to bring intellectual standards into daily classroom activities. One way to move in this direction is to routinely ask students questions that require them to apply intellectual standards to their thinking:
• I’m not clear about your position. Could you state it in other words? (clarity)
• Could you be more exact? (precision)
• How can we check to see if the information you are using is accurate? (accuracy)
• How is what you are saying relevant to the question on the floor? (relevance)
• Can you articulate other reasonable ways of looking at the issue? (breadth)
• Is there a more logical interpretation than the one you have articulated? (logic)
• Have you focused on the most significant issue in dealing with this problem? (significance)

From the Foundation for Critical Thinking Newsletter

Freedom though includes freedom of speech - John Bury quote

It is a common saying that thought is free. A man can never be hindered from thinking whatever he chooses so long as he conceals what he thinks. The working of his mind is limited only by the bounds of his experience and the power of his imagination. But this natural liberty of private thinking is of little value. It is unsatisfactory and even painful to the thinker himself, if he is not permitted to communicate his thoughts to others, and it is obviously of no value to his neighbours. Moreover it is extremely difficult to hide thoughts that have any power over the mind. If a man’s thinking leads him to call in question ideas and customs which regulate the behaviour of those about him, to reject beliefs which they hold, to see better ways of life than those they follow, it is almost impossible for him, if he is convinced of the truth of his own reasoning, not to betray by silence, chance words, or general attitude that he is different from them and does not share their opinions. Some have preferred, like Socrates, some would prefer to-day, to face death rather than conceal their thoughts. Thus freedom of thought, in any valuable sense, includes freedom of speech. John Bury, A History of Freedom of Thought, 1913